:root{--navy:#102d41;--navy-deep:#0b2233;--teal:#087f7b;--teal-dark:#076864;--ink:#1e3544;--muted:#526878;--line:#d5e0e2;--paper:#fff;--wash:#f4f8f8;--wash2:#eaf2f2;--serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--sans:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--lightningcss-light:initial;--lightningcss-dark: ;color-scheme:light;scroll-behavior:smooth}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-padding-top:28px}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}a{color:var(--teal-dark);text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{color:var(--navy)}:is(a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible){outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:4px}img{max-width:100%}.skip{z-index:100;color:var(--navy);background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;position:absolute;top:-70px;left:20px}.skip:focus{top:12px}.container{width:min(100% - 48px,1180px);margin-inline:auto}.accent-rule{background:var(--teal);height:5px}.utility{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.04em;font-size:.78rem}.utility-inner{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;min-height:36px;display:flex}.utility p{margin:0}.masthead{background:#fff}.masthead-inner{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:35px;min-height:125px;display:flex}.identity{color:var(--navy);align-items:center;gap:25px;min-width:0;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.identity:hover{color:var(--navy)}.wordmark{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.08em;color:var(--navy);border-right:3px solid var(--teal);white-space:nowrap;padding-right:25px;font-size:3.5rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1}.identity-name{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.02em;max-width:430px;color:var(--navy);font-size:1.38rem;line-height:1.28}.masthead-side{text-align:right;color:var(--muted);flex:none;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.5}.masthead-side strong{color:var(--navy);font-size:.88rem;display:block}.masthead-editor{margin-top:5px;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:700;display:block}.nav-shell{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}.primary-nav{align-items:stretch;gap:0;min-height:53px;display:flex}.primary-nav a{color:#e5eff2;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:3px solid #0000;align-items:center;padding:13px 16px;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.primary-nav a:first-child{margin-left:-16px}.primary-nav a:hover,.primary-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:#fff;background:#1a4057;border-bottom-color:#58c6bd}.mobile-nav{display:none}.breadcrumbs{color:var(--muted);padding:25px 0 0;font-size:.81rem}.breadcrumbs a{color:var(--muted)}.eyebrow{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--teal-dark);margin:0 0 16px;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700}h1,h2,h3,h4,p{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;color:var(--navy);font-weight:400}h1{margin-bottom:23px;font-size:clamp(2.7rem,4.6vw,4.7rem);line-height:1.13}h2{margin-bottom:19px;font-size:clamp(2rem,3.1vw,3rem);line-height:1.2}h3{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:1.42rem;line-height:1.3}h4{color:var(--navy);margin-bottom:8px;font-size:1rem}.lead{color:#3b5666;max-width:760px;font-size:1.16rem;line-height:1.75}.page-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:42px 0 40px}.page-heading h1{max-width:850px}.page-heading .lead{margin-bottom:0}.page-body{padding:55px 0 96px}.home-lead{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.36fr) minmax(320px,.64fr);align-items:stretch;gap:60px;padding:62px 0 68px;display:grid}.home-lead h1{max-width:720px}.home-lead .lead{max-width:700px}.home-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:11px;margin-top:34px;display:flex}.button{border:1px solid var(--teal);justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:48px;padding:11px 18px;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;transition:background .16s,color .16s;display:inline-flex}.button-primary{background:var(--teal);color:#fff}.button-primary:hover{background:var(--teal-dark);color:#fff}.button-light{color:var(--teal-dark);background:#fff}.button-light:hover{background:var(--wash);color:var(--navy)}.issue-feature{background:var(--navy);color:#e4eff1;border-top:5px solid var(--teal);flex-direction:column;padding:28px 30px 30px;display:flex}.issue-feature .eyebrow{color:#7ed5cd}.issue-feature h2{color:#fff;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:2.25rem}.issue-feature p{color:#c9dce1;margin-bottom:18px}.issue-feature .issue-code{color:#fff;border-block:1px solid #4b6878;margin:auto 0 23px;padding:16px 0;font-size:.91rem}.issue-feature a{color:#fff;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700}.facts{border-block:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--wash)}.facts-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);display:grid}.fact{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding:23px 25px}.fact:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0}.fact small{text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.11em;margin-bottom:5px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;display:block}.fact strong{color:var(--navy);font-size:.96rem;line-height:1.4;display:block}.section{padding:75px 0}.section+.section{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.section-head{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:20px;margin-bottom:31px;display:flex}.section-head h2{margin-bottom:0}.section-head a{white-space:nowrap;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:700}.section-intro{color:#425e6e;max-width:810px;font-size:1.07rem;line-height:1.75}.scope-grid{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-left:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.scope-item{border-right:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:27px 27px 29px}.scope-item .number{color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.1em;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;display:block}.scope-item p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:0}.callout-band{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;padding:51px 0}.callout-band .band-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;align-items:center;gap:28px;display:grid}.callout-band h2{color:#fff;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:2.15rem}.callout-band p{color:#cbdde2;max-width:690px;margin-bottom:0}.content-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 230px;align-items:start;gap:70px;display:grid}.article{max-width:820px}.article section{margin-bottom:52px;scroll-margin-top:25px}.article section:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article h2{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:19px;padding-bottom:13px}.article h3{margin-top:25px}.article p,.article li{color:#3f5a69}.article ul,.article ol{padding-left:23px}.article li{margin-bottom:10px}.side-nav{border-top:3px solid var(--teal);background:var(--wash);padding:20px 22px;position:sticky;top:20px}.side-nav h2{font-family:var(--sans);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700}.side-nav a{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 0;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:block}.side-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.note{background:var(--wash);border-left:3px solid var(--teal);color:#315061;margin:22px 0 28px;padding:17px 21px}.note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.note.warning{background:#fbf8f0;border-left-color:#b88b38}.table-wrap{border:1px solid var(--line);width:100%;margin:20px 0 27px;overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;width:100%;min-width:540px;font-size:.91rem}th{background:var(--wash);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;color:var(--navy);font-size:.78rem}th,td{vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 16px}tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}td:first-child{color:var(--navy);font-weight:700}.check-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-top:20px;display:grid}.check{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 21px}.check h3{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.check p{margin-bottom:0}.steps{counter-reset:step;margin:18px 0 0;padding:0!important;list-style:none!important}.steps li{counter-increment:step;border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:42px 1fr;gap:16px;margin:0;padding:18px 0;display:grid}.steps li:before{content:counter(step,decimal-leading-zero);color:var(--teal);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700}.steps strong{color:var(--navy)}.profile{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--wash);grid-template-columns:100px 1fr;gap:29px;padding:31px;display:grid}.profile-mark{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;width:86px;height:86px;font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.06em;place-items:center;font-size:2.1rem;display:grid}.profile .role{color:var(--teal-dark);letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:6px;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:700}.profile h2{border:0;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.status-list{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.status-row{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;gap:23px;padding:18px 0;display:grid}.status-row strong{color:var(--navy)}.status-row span{color:#435f6e}.footer{background:var(--navy-deep);color:#b9cbd3;padding:53px 0 25px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:42px;display:grid}.footer-title{font-family:var(--serif);color:#fff;max-width:400px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.35}.footer p{max-width:390px;font-size:.86rem}.footer h2{font-family:var(--sans);color:#fff;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:13px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700}.footer a{color:#d5e3e8;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:.85rem;text-decoration:none;display:block}.footer a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid #375368;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;margin-top:37px;padding-top:21px;font-size:.78rem;display:flex}@media (max-width:980px){.primary-nav a{padding-inline:10px;font-size:.78rem}.primary-nav a:first-child{margin-left:-10px}.content-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 205px;gap:32px}.home-lead{gap:30px}.footer-grid{gap:24px}}@media (max-width:760px){.container{width:min(100% - 34px,1180px)}.utility-inner{min-height:30px}.utility p:last-child{display:none}.masthead-inner{min-height:94px}.wordmark{padding-right:15px;font-size:2.55rem}.identity{gap:15px}.identity-name{font-size:1rem}.masthead-side,.primary-nav{display:none}.mobile-nav{display:block}.mobile-nav summary{cursor:pointer;color:#fff;padding:14px 0;font-weight:700;list-style:none}.mobile-nav summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mobile-nav nav{padding-bottom:12px;display:grid}.mobile-nav a{color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #3b5a6b;padding:10px 0;font-size:.93rem;text-decoration:none}.home-lead{padding:44px 0 50px;display:block}.home-lead h1{font-size:clamp(2.55rem,9vw,4rem)}.issue-feature{min-height:290px;margin-top:34px}.facts-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.fact{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:17px}.fact:nth-child(odd){border-left:0}.fact:first-child{padding-left:17px}.fact:nth-last-child(-n+2){border-bottom:0}.scope-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.content-layout{display:block}.side-nav{margin-top:45px;position:static}.section{padding:57px 0}.page-heading{padding:34px 0}.page-body{padding:43px 0 70px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.callout-band .band-inner{display:block}.callout-band .button{margin-top:22px}}@media (max-width:520px){.wordmark{padding-right:11px;font-size:2.05rem}.identity-name{font-size:.85rem}.home-lead h1{font-size:2.65rem}.lead{font-size:1.05rem}.facts-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.fact,.fact:first-child{border-left:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 0}.fact:last-child{border-bottom:0}.scope-grid{display:block}.scope-item{border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.section-head{display:block}.section-head a{margin-top:8px;display:inline-block}.check-grid{display:block}.check+.check{margin-top:12px}.profile{grid-template-columns:1fr}.status-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}.footer-grid>div:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-bottom{display:block}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root{scroll-behavior:auto}.button{transition:none}}.identity{flex:0 445px;min-width:0;display:block}.identity-logo{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.masthead-actions{align-items:center;gap:28px;display:flex}.masthead-submit{white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px}.nav-submit{background:var(--teal);color:#fff!important;border-bottom-color:var(--teal)!important;margin-left:auto!important}.nav-submit:hover,.nav-submit[aria-current=page]{background:var(--teal-dark)!important;border-bottom-color:#8addd5!important}.mobile-submit-bar{display:none}.submit-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:linear-gradient(115deg,#eff7f5 0%,#fff 70%);padding:52px 0 46px}.submit-heading h1{max-width:850px}.submit-heading .lead{margin-bottom:0}.submit-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 290px;align-items:start;gap:65px;padding:55px 0 95px;display:grid}.submission-form{max-width:780px}.form-section{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;margin-bottom:18px;padding:28px 31px}.form-section h2{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:1.55rem}.form-section>p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:25px;font-size:.93rem}.field-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;display:grid}.form-field{flex-direction:column;gap:7px;margin-bottom:18px;display:flex}.field-grid .form-field{margin-bottom:0}.form-field label,.form-field>span{color:var(--navy);font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700}.form-field input,.form-field select,.form-field textarea{width:100%;min-height:45px;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;background:#fff;border:1px solid #b8c9cd;border-radius:3px;padding:10px 12px}.form-field textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:126px}.form-field input[type=file]{min-height:50px;padding:8px 10px;font-size:.87rem}:is(.form-field input:focus-visible,.form-field textarea:focus-visible,.form-field select:focus-visible){outline-offset:2px;outline:3px solid #91d6cd}.field-hint{color:var(--muted);font-size:.81rem;line-height:1.45}.form-divider{background:var(--line);height:1px;margin:25px 0}.confirm-list{gap:13px;margin:18px 0 27px;display:grid}.confirm-list label{color:var(--ink);align-items:flex-start;gap:11px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;display:flex}.confirm-list input{width:18px;height:18px;accent-color:var(--teal);flex:none;margin:2px 0 0}.fee-notice{border-left:3px solid var(--teal);background:#eff7f5;margin:0 0 22px;padding:14px 16px;font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.55}.submit-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:18px;display:flex}.submit-actions .button{cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700}.submit-actions .button:disabled{cursor:wait;opacity:.65}.form-error{color:#8a2525;background:#fff1ed;border-left:3px solid #b4453c;margin:0 0 20px;padding:13px 16px}.form-aside{background:var(--wash);border-top:3px solid var(--teal);padding:23px 24px}.form-aside h2{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:13px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700}.form-aside p,.form-aside li{color:#3d5968;font-size:.88rem}.form-aside ul{padding-left:19px}.receipt{background:var(--wash);border-top:4px solid var(--teal);max-width:780px;margin:55px 0 90px;padding:36px}.receipt h1{margin-bottom:13px;font-size:clamp(2rem,3.1vw,3rem)}.receipt-code{border:1px solid var(--line);letter-spacing:.07em;color:var(--navy);background:#fff;padding:10px 14px;font-weight:700;display:inline-block}.editor-list{gap:17px;margin-top:25px;display:grid}.editor-card{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:22px}.editor-card h2{margin:4px 0 7px;font-size:1.45rem}.editor-meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem}.editor-file-list{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;font-size:.86rem;display:flex}.published-article{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 260px;align-items:start;gap:65px;padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:96px;display:grid}.article-main{min-width:0;max-width:790px}.article-main h1{margin-bottom:23px;font-size:clamp(2.45rem,4vw,4rem)}.article-authors{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 26px;margin:0 0 16px;display:flex}.article-authors div{line-height:1.45}.article-authors strong{color:var(--navy)}.article-authors span{color:var(--muted);margin-top:3px;font-size:.87rem;display:block}.article-published,.article-keywords,.article-license{color:var(--muted);font-size:.93rem}.article-abstract{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:28px;padding-top:29px}.article-abstract h2,.article-citation h2{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:1.7rem}.article-abstract p{color:#354f5f;white-space:pre-line;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.8}.article-file-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:11px;margin:22px 0 38px;display:flex}.article-citation{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:27px}.article-citation p{color:#3c5665;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-license{margin-top:29px}.article-aside{border-top:3px solid var(--teal);background:var(--wash);padding:21px 23px}.article-aside h2{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:11px;font-size:.77rem;font-weight:700}.article-aside dl{margin:0 0 19px}.article-aside dt{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--navy);margin-top:14px;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700}.article-aside dd{color:#405b68;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:3px 0 0;font-size:.88rem}.article-aside>a{font-size:.87rem;font-weight:700}.published-issue .eyebrow{margin-bottom:8px}.published-issue h2{margin-bottom:4px}.issue-date{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}.published-list{border-top:1px solid var(--line);list-style:none;margin:21px 0 0!important;padding:0!important}.published-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;margin:0!important}.published-list h3{margin:4px 0 7px;font-size:1.38rem}.published-list h3 a{text-decoration:none}.published-list h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.published-list p{margin-bottom:4px}.published-list .published-type,.published-list span{letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:.76rem}.published-list span{color:var(--muted)}@media (max-width:1100px){.primary-nav{display:none}.mobile-nav{display:block}.mobile-nav summary{cursor:pointer;color:#fff;padding:14px 0;font-weight:700;list-style:none}.mobile-nav summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mobile-nav nav{padding-bottom:12px;display:grid}.mobile-nav a{color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #3b5a6b;padding:10px 0;font-size:.93rem;text-decoration:none}.nav-shell .container{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:20px;display:flex}.mobile-nav{min-width:115px}.mobile-submit-bar{color:#fff;align-items:center;padding:14px 0;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.mobile-submit-bar:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}}@media (max-width:820px){.submit-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:23px}.form-aside{order:-1}.masthead-side{display:none}.published-article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px;padding-top:34px}.article-aside{max-width:600px}}@media (max-width:760px){.identity{flex-basis:370px}.masthead-submit{display:none}.submit-heading{padding:36px 0}.submit-layout{padding:38px 0 70px}}@media (max-width:520px){.identity{flex-basis:100%}.masthead-inner{min-height:110px}.field-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.field-grid .form-field{margin-bottom:18px}.field-grid .form-field:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}.review-banner{color:#493a1d;background:#fff3d9;border-bottom:1px solid #dcc48d;padding:12px 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}